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لایه بازال از یک ردیف سلول تقریبا چهار وجهی (شبه مکعبی) تشکیل شده که دارای میتوکندری فراوان و دستگاه گلژی تکامل یافته است.

MUNG BEAN SPROUT STEM CELLS: MMP enzymes have been identified as particularly damaging to the skin's extra-cellular matrix. Mung Bean Sprout Stem Cells protect collagen and the extra-cellular matrix from MMPs. The stem cells repair UV-damaged fibroblasts and reduce photo-induced inflammation that eventually leads to skin sensitivity and loss of elasticity. Used in Firming Densifier Active Treatment Moisturizer. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE: Palmitoyl Oligopeptide (also known as palmitoyl pentapeptide, Dermaxyl, Matrixyl and Matrixyl 3000) is an engineered amino-peptide that when added to a culture of fibroblasts (key skin cells), stimulates collagen, elastin and glucosaminoglycans production. These are the key components of healthy-looking skin. Clinically proven to reduce wrinkle depth by increasing hyaluronic acid and collagen production, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide (PO)is a synthetic protein that is a fragment of collagen combined with palmitic acid to make it more lipophillic, to improve its stability and to enhance its affinity towards human skin. As with Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3, one could look at PO as a man-made precursor to collagen. PO was developed through research to identify a substance that would behave similarly to retinoic acid but without its drawbacks, especially in regards to synthesizing collagen. The reported results are as follows: In vitro: Increases collagen production by the fibroblasts by as much as 350%. Increases hyaluronic acid production by the fibroblasts by as much as 146%. In vivo: The following statistics were gathered using image analysis of volunteers who used crèmes containing a 3% concentration of Biopeptide-CL for 28 days. Surface roughness -- Reduced 17% Mean depth of wrinkles -- Reduced 23% Depth of main wrinkle -- Reduced 39% Skin thickness -- Increased 4%. The increase in skin thickness was considered especially notable and contrasts with the 6% reduction of the skin thickness that occurs after 10 years of aging. PO is a potent active cosmetic ingredient without the adverse effects (including irritation, dehydration or long-term toxicity and instability) characteristic of retinoids. Used in CSRx Lip Remodeling Treatment, Intensive Eye Therapy Creme, Firming Peptide Eye Creme,  and Fresh Pout Lip Balm. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE 3: Clinically proven to regenerate the skin's upper layers by stimulating collagen production, thus thickening the epidermis. Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 is a synthetic protein that is a fragment of the C-terminal portion of collagen I (the most common type of the nineteen forms of collagen) combined with palmitic acid to make it more lipophillic, to improve its stability and to enhance its affinity towards human skin. One could look at Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 as a man-made precursor to collagen I. When this protein is added to cultured human fibroblasts it enhances the synthesis of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin. In vitro, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 was found to stimulate collagen IV synthesis by 100-327% and to stimulate hyaluronic acidsynthesis by 267%. In vivo Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 was found to stimulate collagen synthesis by 30-117%. Image analysis determined the effect Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 had on wrinkled skin. The six-month results are listed below, though significant results were seen in two months. Results: Mean wrinkle depth -- Reduced 17% Surface area: deep wrinkles -- Reduced 68% Surface area: moderate wrinkles -- Reduced 51% Mean density of wrinkled area -- Reduced 47% Skin roughness -- Reduced 16% Main wrinkle volume -- Reduced 24%. These results show that Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 had a dramatic effect on reducing the quantity and depth of wrinkles. It also improved surface smoothness. (cellularskinrx.com)

SOY PEPTIDES: Soy peptides stimulate fibroblast proliferation and increase collagen and elastin synthesis. This results in firmer-looking skin. Soy Peptides are used to help prevent proteinase activity (as a result of exposure to UV light and ozone) from degrading collagen bundles in the skin. They can also can help to lighten hyperpigmentation and act as an anti-irritant, reducing inflammation. Used in Eye Bright Treatment Serum. (cellularskinrx.com)

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