استیل کولین = acetylcholine

acetylcholine = استیل کولین، استر استیک اسید کولین، نوعی نوروترانزمیتور که در انقباض ماهیچه ها نقش دارد.

When BTX is injected into a target tissue like a muscle or into the skin for anhidrotic effects, the heavy chain of the molecule binds to glycoproteins expressed specifically on cholinergic nerve endings. After internalization of the whole molecule by pinocytosis, the chains are cleaved within the cytoplasm. The light chain binds with high specificity to the soluble N- ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (SNARE) attachment protein receptors essential for exocytosis. SNARE is involved in transportation of acetylcholine from the cytosol into the synaptic cleft. It consists of a vesicle-associated protein (VAMP or v-SNARE, also known as synaptobrevin) and two target (t-SNARE) proteins: plasma membrane synaptosome associated protein (SNAP-25) and syntaxin. Recent studies have shown that the light chain exerts a multi-site substrate binding imparting the protease with exquisite specificity. (J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2008 Jan; 1(1): 3–6.)

Pain relief has been reported after injection of BTX into hyperactive muscles. In addition, in animal models muscular pain induced by formalin can also be reduced by BTXA suggesting a direct analgesic effect.[18] In rabbit iris muscles and dorsal root ganglia neurons, substance P, a neuropeptide involved in pain reception and neurogenic inflammation, can be blocked together with acetylcholine. (J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2008 Jan; 1(1): 3–6.)

ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE 30: A longer chain acetyl molecule cousin to Acetyl Hexapeptide 3 and 8. Similarly, it inhibits acetylcholine release both pre- and post-synaptically to block nerve signals that cause facial muscles to contract and eventually, form lines and wrinkles. This reduction in nerve signal intensity and muscular contractions reduces and prevents the formation of dynamic wrinkles that make your skin look aged. Use of Acetyl Hexapeptide 30 in combination with other Acetyl Hexapeptide molecules has an additive effect which is more powerful than using any of the amino-peptides alone. (cellularskinrx.com)

TRIPEPTIDE: Tripeptide has been developed as an efficient smoothing and anti-wrinkle small peptide particularly effective against expression lines by relaxing facial muscles. This active tripeptide acts in a manner similar to Walglerin 1. Acting at the post-synaptic membrane, Tripeptide is a reverible antagonist of the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (mnAChR). Tripeptide binds to the receptor; consequently it remains closed. In the closed state, sodium ions (Na+) are not released and the muscles stay relaxed. Clinical trials have shown that Tripeptide is capable of reducing expression lines/wrinkles by inhibiting muscle contractions. Used in SuperMax MultiPeptide Skin Solution Serum. (cellularskinrx.com)

 محصولات آرایشی بهداشتی شبه بوتاکس حاوی پپتیدهایی هستند که قادر است اتصال عصب به عضله را به صورت موقتی قطع کند. دو پپتید تجاری زیر تا کنون این ادعا را مطرح کرده اند: 1- سیناکه سیناکه با نام علمی دی پپتید دی آمینوبوتیروئیل بنزیل آمید دی استات به تقلید از رسپتور استیل کولین روی ماهیچه های پوست صورت عمل می کند.

 این پپتید روی رسپتور استیل کولین به صورت آنتاگونیستی می چسبد و اجازه نمی دهد استیل کولین آزاد شده از عصب، به ماهیچه متصل گردد.. به این ترتیب از اتصال عصب به ماهیچه جلوگیری می کند. تاثیر این پتید موقتی است.

 2- آرژیرلین آرژیرلین با نام علمی استیل هگزاپپتید 8 به تقلید از رسپتورهای SNAP که در داخل عصب قرار دارد ساخته شده و اجازه خروج استیل کولین از وزیکول خود را نمی دهد. به این ترتیب از اتصال عصب به ماهیچه جلوگیری می کند. تاثیر این پتید موقتی است.

Glycerin (and) Aqua (and) Dipeptide Diaminobutyroyl Benzylamide Diacetate

When BTX is injected into a target tissue like a muscle or into the skin for anhidrotic effects, the heavy chain of the molecule binds to glycoproteins expressed specifically on cholinergic nerve endings. After internalization of the whole molecule by pinocytosis, the chains are cleaved within the cytoplasm. The light chain binds with high specificity to the soluble N- ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (SNARE) attachment protein receptors essential for exocytosis. SNARE is involved in transportation of acetylcholine from the cytosol into the synaptic cleft. It consists of a vesicle-associated protein (VAMP or v-SNARE, also known as synaptobrevin) and two target (t-SNARE) proteins: plasma membrane synaptosome associated protein (SNAP-25) and syntaxin. Recent studies have shown that the light chain exerts a multi-site substrate binding imparting the protease with exquisite specificity. (J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2008 Jan; 1(1): 3–6.)

Pain relief has been reported after injection of BTX into hyperactive muscles. In addition, in animal models muscular pain induced by formalin can also be reduced by BTXA suggesting a direct analgesic effect.[18] In rabbit iris muscles and dorsal root ganglia neurons, substance P, a neuropeptide involved in pain reception and neurogenic inflammation, can be blocked together with acetylcholine. (J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2008 Jan; 1(1): 3–6.)

ACETYL HEXAPEPTIDE 30: A longer chain acetyl molecule cousin to Acetyl Hexapeptide 3 and 8. Similarly, it inhibits acetylcholine release both pre- and post-synaptically to block nerve signals that cause facial muscles to contract and eventually, form lines and wrinkles. This reduction in nerve signal intensity and muscular contractions reduces and prevents the formation of dynamic wrinkles that make your skin look aged. Use of Acetyl Hexapeptide 30 in combination with other Acetyl Hexapeptide molecules has an additive effect which is more powerful than using any of the amino-peptides alone. (cellularskinrx.com)

TRIPEPTIDE: Tripeptide has been developed as an efficient smoothing and anti-wrinkle small peptide particularly effective against expression lines by relaxing facial muscles. This active tripeptide acts in a manner similar to Walglerin 1. Acting at the post-synaptic membrane, Tripeptide is a reverible antagonist of the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (mnAChR). Tripeptide binds to the receptor; consequently it remains closed. In the closed state, sodium ions (Na+) are not released and the muscles stay relaxed. Clinical trials have shown that Tripeptide is capable of reducing expression lines/wrinkles by inhibiting muscle contractions. Used in SuperMax MultiPeptide Skin Solution Serum. (cellularskinrx.com)