بالینی = clinical

clinical tests = تستهای بالینی، آزمایشات بالینی، آزمون های بالینی، تست های کلینیکی

ROSA RUBIGINOSA — Rosa Mosqueta® Rose Hip Seed Oil. Oil from the rose hips of a rare rose that grows in Chile’s Andes mountains. High in vitamin C, and linoleic and linolenic acids, essen- tial fatty acids necessar y for skin cell regeneration, it has been used by South American Indians for hundreds of years for its healing and moisturizing proper ties. Clinical tests have shown that Rosa Mosqueta®, applied regularly, helps fade scarring and skin discolor- ations and encourage skin cell growth.There’s no better moisturiz- er for dry or mature skin and brittle, damaged hair. (INCI dictionary)

clinical study = مطالعات بالینی

clinical = بالینی، کلینیکی

In today’s image-conscious society, people are looking for an affordable cosmetic hair loss solution that delivers on its promises. This presents an opportunity for high performance, clinically proven anti-hair loss products. (Capixyl)

ALARIA ESCULENTA — Edible seaweed high in essential fatty acids and antioxidants. A rich moisturizer, it stimulates the creation of hyaluronic acid within the skin and helps support collagen and elastin to promote skin elasticity. It has been clinically proven to significantly increase firmness when applied twice daily to the skin for 28 days. (INCI dictionary) 

ASTER TRIPOLIUM — Sea Aster. Soothing agent clinically proven to reduce redness and sensitivity on the skin when used twice daily for 28 days. An excellent addition to calming formulas for sensitive complexions. (INCI dictionary)

BETA VULGARIS — Beet Root Extract. Rich in polysaccharides, this powerful humectant is clinically proven to boost the skin’s natural moisturizing factor, forming a film on the skin that actually locks moisture in for up to 8 hours. Phytonutrients enhance cell renewal and a high antioxidant content protects skin from free radical damage. The extract or juice of beets is also sometimes used as a natural red color in cosmetics. (INCI dictionary) 

CALCIUM ASCORBATE — Ester-C® Topical. A patented form of natural vitamin C, both oil- and water-soluble, clinically shown to retain its potency longer than other forms.While ordinary vitamin C degrades quickly in skin care products, Ester-C® Topical is stable and delivers the full benefit of this powerful antioxidant, penetrating into deep layers of the skin to promote collagen production. (Ester-C® is a registered trademark of Inter-Cal Corporation.) (INCI dictionary)

EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM — Canadian Willowherb. Anti- inflammator y and soothing agent shown in clinical studies to work faster and better than many hydrocor tisone creams in reducing itching and irritation. A superb skin care ingredient, often used in sun care products. Contains salicylic acid. (INCI dictionary)

HYDROLYZED OAT PROTEIN — A natural humectant used in skin care formulations for its powerful anti-aging proper ties. Used regularly, oat protein has been clinically shown to reduce the appearance of fine lines by 34% and deep wrinkles by 57%, and to keep skin hydrated for up to eight hours after application. In hair care preparations, it is an excellent conditioner and nutrient. (INCI dictionary)

HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN — Water-soluble protein naturally derived from wheat. Applied topically, it helps attract and retain moisture and is clinically proven to minimize fine lines and wrinkles. In hair care formulas, it coats porous and damaged areas to strengthen and mend hair fiber. (See also Hydrolyzed vegetable protein.) (INCI dictionary)

OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA — Prickly Pear. Antioxidant and nutri- ent, rich in essential fatty acids, clinically proven to firm and protect skin in 28 days with twice daily use. An emollient and soothing agent, it restores softness and elasticity to dry, mature or sun-damaged skin. An excellent addition to anti-aging products. (INCI dictionary)

ROSA RUBIGINOSA — Rosa Mosqueta® Rose Hip Seed Oil. Oil from the rose hips of a rare rose that grows in Chile’s Andes mountains. High in vitamin C, and linoleic and linolenic acids, essen- tial fatty acids necessar y for skin cell regeneration, it has been used by South American Indians for hundreds of years for its healing and moisturizing proper ties. Clinical tests have shown that Rosa Mosqueta®, applied regularly, helps fade scarring and skin discolor- ations and encourage skin cell growth.There’s no better moisturiz- er for dry or mature skin and brittle, damaged hair. (INCI dictionary)

SILYBUM MARIANUM — Milk Thistle. Detoxifier used internally in the treatment of liver disorders. Clinical studies have shown its active compound silymarin, a flavonoid with strong antioxidant proper ties, helps protect skin cells from free radical damage caused by sun exposure and pollution. Very soothing to the skin and scalp. (INCI dictionary)

DERMAXYL: Cell youthening Dermaxyl™, a patented oligopeptide and ceramide blend, inspires older cells to communicate like younger cells. When cells communicate more fully, repair cells can focus on areas of skin damage caused by aging processes. The result is enhanced firmness, better moisture retention, and visible easing of deep wrinkles. Clinical studies testing 24 female subjects aged 42 to 66 with a once daily application of 2% Dermaxyl™ for 56 days showed up to 36% reduction in visible wrinkle volume while wrinkle depth lessened up to 27%. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE: Palmitoyl Oligopeptide (also known as palmitoyl pentapeptide, Dermaxyl, Matrixyl and Matrixyl 3000) is an engineered amino-peptide that when added to a culture of fibroblasts (key skin cells), stimulates collagen, elastin and glucosaminoglycans production. These are the key components of healthy-looking skin. Clinically proven to reduce wrinkle depth by increasing hyaluronic acid and collagen production, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide (PO)is a synthetic protein that is a fragment of collagen combined with palmitic acid to make it more lipophillic, to improve its stability and to enhance its affinity towards human skin. As with Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3, one could look at PO as a man-made precursor to collagen. PO was developed through research to identify a substance that would behave similarly to retinoic acid but without its drawbacks, especially in regards to synthesizing collagen. The reported results are as follows: In vitro: Increases collagen production by the fibroblasts by as much as 350%. Increases hyaluronic acid production by the fibroblasts by as much as 146%. In vivo: The following statistics were gathered using image analysis of volunteers who used crèmes containing a 3% concentration of Biopeptide-CL for 28 days. Surface roughness -- Reduced 17% Mean depth of wrinkles -- Reduced 23% Depth of main wrinkle -- Reduced 39% Skin thickness -- Increased 4%. The increase in skin thickness was considered especially notable and contrasts with the 6% reduction of the skin thickness that occurs after 10 years of aging. PO is a potent active cosmetic ingredient without the adverse effects (including irritation, dehydration or long-term toxicity and instability) characteristic of retinoids. Used in CSRx Lip Remodeling Treatment, Intensive Eye Therapy Creme, Firming Peptide Eye Creme,  and Fresh Pout Lip Balm. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE 3: Clinically proven to regenerate the skin's upper layers by stimulating collagen production, thus thickening the epidermis. Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 is a synthetic protein that is a fragment of the C-terminal portion of collagen I (the most common type of the nineteen forms of collagen) combined with palmitic acid to make it more lipophillic, to improve its stability and to enhance its affinity towards human skin. One could look at Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 as a man-made precursor to collagen I. When this protein is added to cultured human fibroblasts it enhances the synthesis of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin. In vitro, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 was found to stimulate collagen IV synthesis by 100-327% and to stimulate hyaluronic acidsynthesis by 267%. In vivo Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 was found to stimulate collagen synthesis by 30-117%. Image analysis determined the effect Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 had on wrinkled skin. The six-month results are listed below, though significant results were seen in two months. Results: Mean wrinkle depth -- Reduced 17% Surface area: deep wrinkles -- Reduced 68% Surface area: moderate wrinkles -- Reduced 51% Mean density of wrinkled area -- Reduced 47% Skin roughness -- Reduced 16% Main wrinkle volume -- Reduced 24%. These results show that Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 had a dramatic effect on reducing the quantity and depth of wrinkles. It also improved surface smoothness. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE 3: Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 has been clinically proven to suppress the body's production of interleukins (IL6), the chemical messengers that trigger inflammation, the first step in the aging cascade. Inflammation is a function of immunity and is a protective response to injury or destruction of tissue. This is the body's way of walling off the injurious agent and the injured tissue. Under normal circumstances, very little IL6 is secreted and its secretion is strictly controlled. However, as we age this regulation system develops defects, and significant levels of IL6 appear in the plasma even when there is no inflammatory stimulus. This results in high levels of inflammatory proteins in the tissues and a loss of healing potential. At concentrations from 10 ppm, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 induces a marked reduction in the secretion of the cytokine IL6. This reduction is progressive and depends on the concentration of the peptide: baseline secretion may be inhibited by up to 40%. Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 reduced levels of IL6 after cells were exposed to UV radiation by up to 86% even though IL6 had been increased by about 20 fold by the UV. These results show that Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 is able to affect baseline levels of IL6 as well as modulate the effects of UV-stimulated over-production of IL6. Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 is marketed by Sederma as a molecule that can restore cytokine equilibrium, which characterizes youthful skin. (cellularskinrx.com)

TRIPEPTIDE: Tripeptide has been developed as an efficient smoothing and anti-wrinkle small peptide particularly effective against expression lines by relaxing facial muscles. This active tripeptide acts in a manner similar to Walglerin 1. Acting at the post-synaptic membrane, Tripeptide is a reverible antagonist of the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (mnAChR). Tripeptide binds to the receptor; consequently it remains closed. In the closed state, sodium ions (Na+) are not released and the muscles stay relaxed. Clinical trials have shown that Tripeptide is capable of reducing expression lines/wrinkles by inhibiting muscle contractions. Used in SuperMax MultiPeptide Skin Solution Serum. (cellularskinrx.com)

Asebiol by BASF: synergistic sebo-regulating complex especially developed to rebalance the amount of sebum on the scalp by inhibiting 5α-reductase, the enzyme responsible for its production. It is clinically proven to visibly reduce the appearance of the oiliness and imperfections of the skin. It is a water-soluble liquid. INCI: Aqua (and) Pyridoxine HCL (and) Niacinamide (and) Glycerin (and) Panthenol (and) Hydrolyzed Yeast Protein (and) Threonine (and) Allantoin (and) Biotin ()

clinical study = مطالعات بالینی

clinical tests = تستهای بالینی، آزمایشات بالینی، آزمون های بالینی، تست های کلینیکی

ROSA RUBIGINOSA — Rosa Mosqueta® Rose Hip Seed Oil. Oil from the rose hips of a rare rose that grows in Chile’s Andes mountains. High in vitamin C, and linoleic and linolenic acids, essen- tial fatty acids necessar y for skin cell regeneration, it has been used by South American Indians for hundreds of years for its healing and moisturizing proper ties. Clinical tests have shown that Rosa Mosqueta®, applied regularly, helps fade scarring and skin discolor- ations and encourage skin cell growth.There’s no better moisturiz- er for dry or mature skin and brittle, damaged hair. (INCI dictionary)

clinically proven results = نتایج اثبات شده بالینی 

clinical-instrumental study = مطالعه بالینی-دستگاهی

clinical tests
تستهای بالینی، آزمایشات بالینی، آزمون های بالینی، تست های کلینیکی

 Source: http://www.irsod.com/Default.aspx?PageName=typeb&CatId=12&Lang=fa درماتولوژیست ها چه دورهایی را میگذرانند؟ پس از 7 سال طی دوره پزشکی عمومی و دو سال در منطقه محروم خدمت نموده و پس از قبولی در امتحان تخصص برای مدت 4 سال دوره تخصص را میگذرانند.دوره تخصص یک دوره پیشرفته است که نیاز به به مطالعه فشرده دروس و انجام مطالعات تحقیقاتی و اموزش بالینی در طول 4 سال است. سپس مجددا به مدت 2 سال به خدمت در مناطق محروم مشغول میشوند مجموعا دوره شامل 15 سال میشود.

  کره مورینگا کره مورینگا محصولی است از خانواده فلورالیپیدهای کمپانی فلوراتک که از اینتراستریفیکاسیون روغن مورینگا و روغن مورینگای تمام هیدروژنه به دست می آید. کره مورینگا در مقایسه با کره شی‌آ (شی باتر ) چربی کمتری بر جای می گذارد، کمتر برق می زند و از زیبایی بیشتری برخوردار است. در مطالعات بالینی مشخص گردید که مصرف کنندگان، استیک مرطوب کننده بدنی را که با کره مورینگا فرموله شده، نسبت به همان محصول که با کره شی آ (شی باتر) فرموله شده ترجیح می دهند.

 ,- سینئول    |    لیمونن    |    آلفا پینن مورد از دیرباز در درمان سرفه و انواع مختلف عفونتهای تنفسی مثل برونشیت مورد استفاده قرار می گرفته است. همچنین در زمینه هضم خوب، اصلاح نارسایی های مجاری ادرار و جلوگیری از عفونت زخم ها اشتهار دارد. عصاره مورد حاوی ترکیبات ضد التهاب و قابض است. علاوه بر خواص ضد عفونی و تقویت کننده آن، مورد گیاه مفیدی برای دیابت به شمار می رود. مطالعات آزمایشگاهی نیز که در سال 1980 بر روی موش انجام گرفت کاهش قند خون را در این جانور نشان داد. نتیجه بررسی انجام شده بر روی منابع اصیل سنتی ایرانی از جمله قانون درطب بوعلی سینا، صیدنه ابوریحان، ذخیره خوارزمشاهی نشان می دهد گیاهانی مانند مورد، امله، پرسیاوشان،لادن، تره تیزک، آزاد درخت، بطم، سدر، سرو و... در جلوگیری از ریزش مو موثر می باشند. «مورد» در بین بقیه گیاهان در این منابع بیشترین تاکید را داشته و در اکثر منابع سنتی به خاصیت درمانی آن اشاره شده است. در این منابع ذکر شده که که «دانه این گیاه باعث تقویت ریشه موها شده و موی را از ریزش باز می دارد و سبب بلندی و سیاهی مو می شود.» البته نسخه هایی که پیشینیان از زمان ارسطو که 400سال قبل از میلاد می زیسته تا سال 1800یعنی حدود 200سال پیش که عصر ظهور تکنولوژی نوین به شمار می آید در زمان خود بسیار با ارزش بوده و بسیاری از آنها ایده های بسیار خوبی برای تحقیق توسط آیندگان بوده اند اما متاسفانه با وجود تاکید زیادی که در منابع سنتی طب ایران بر خواص درمانی این گیاه در ریزش مو شده، مطالعات بالینی بسیار محدودی صورت گرفته و در حال حاضر مدرک مستدلی که تاثیر آن را در ریزش مو نشان دهد وجود ندارد. در محدود مطالعات بالینی انجام شده نیز اثر مجموعه ای از چند عصاره گیاهی بر ریزش مو بررسی شده که عصاره گیاه مورد در کناربقیه عصاره ها تنها بخشی از فرمولاسیون را تشکیل می دهد.

 فرایند تشخیص بین دو یا تعداد بیشتری عارضه که علائم بالینی مشابهی دارند.

 • شانه لیزری توسط FDA تایید نشده و یک ماده درمانی به شمار نمی آید بلکه فقط یک وسیله آرایشی به حساب می آید. سازندگان ادعا کرده اند ازآنجا که به هنگام استفاده از این شانه از لابه لای دندانه های آن پرتوهای ضعیف لیزری تولید میشود این پرتوها با نفوذ درپوست سر،پیاز موراتحریک کرده و سبب تحریک سلول های موبرای ترشح مواد شیمیایی میشود که رشد مو را بدنبال دارد. فیناستراید ( ماده موثره پروپشیا) یکی از داروهایی که اثر درمانی آن در ریزش مو به اثبات رسیده داروی فیناستراید است که در بازار با نام تجاری پروپشیا به فروش می رسد. این دارو سالها برای درمان پروستات در مردان استفاده می شد پس از مدتی پزشکان مشاهده کردند که ریزش موی بسیاری از مصرف کنندگان این داروکه دچارطاسی آندروژنتیک بودند متوقف شد حتی تعدادی از موهای ریخته شده مجددا بازگشت نمود. پس از تحقیقاتی که در مورد اثر این دارو بر درمان ریزش مو به عمل آمد مشخص گردید که تاثیر این دارو به این صورت است که باعث مهار آنزیمی به نام 5-آلفا ردوکتاز می شود. این آنزیم آنزیمی است که تستوسترون را به دی هیدروتستوسترون (قوی ترین هورمون مردانه موجود در خون و موثرترین عامل ریزش مو) تبدیل می کند. مطالعات بالینی جهت تعیین اثر بخشی و ایمنی این ماده در 33مرکز در آمریکا و 27مرکز در دیگر کشورها به انجام رسید تا اینکه در سال 1998مورد تایید سازمان نظارت بر دارو و درمان آمریکا قرار گرفت.

  افسانه های زیادی وجود دارند که طاسی موی سر را به هوش و ذکاوت، توانمندی جنسی، شغل و طبقه اجتماعی افراد ربط می دهند. هر چند که بسیاری از آنها را می توان با مثال نقض یا عدم وجود دلیل های علمی کافی رد کرد اما در اینجا به طور مختصر فلسفه شکل گیری این باورها را ریشه یابی کرده و آن را با حقایق علمی مقایسه می کنیم. باور نادرست: فعالیتهای فکری باعث طاسی سر می شوند! فلسفه پیدایش این افسانه شاید این باشد که: چون مغز در داخل جمجمه و درست زیر محل رویش مو قرار گرفته، تصور می شد که کارهای فکری مثل درس خواندن باعث می شود خون به ریشه موها نرسد و آن را دال بر ریزش مو می دانستند. بعد هم مثلا با دیدن کسانی که کارشان فکری است و مویشان ریخته و مقایسه آنها با افرادی با همان سن و سال که کارشان بدنی است ولی مویشان نریخته ادعای خود را به اصطلاح ثابت می کردند. حقیقت آن است که: ریزش مو انواع مختلف و علتهای متفاوتی دارد بطوریکه دانشمندان مختلف هر کدام با توجه به نوع نگرش و دیدگاه تخصصیشان این پدیده را به صورت های مختلفی تقسیم بندی کرده اند. برخی ریزش مو را بر اساس مشاهدات بالینی تقسیم بندی کرده اند برخی از دید جنبه های آسیب شناسی و عده ای هم برحسب علت ایجاد طاسی.

  وز به فرهای بسیار ریز موها گفته می شود که معمولاً نامطلوب هستند. ارزیابی اثر محصولات صاف کننده مو در رفع وز موها با روش های بالینی قابل انجام است. برای این منظور از دستگاه های آنالیزگر تصویر استفاده می شود.

  انجام آزمایش های بالینی برای بررسی اثربخشی و بی خطر بودن محصولات دارویی و آرایشی و بهداشتی (efficacy & safety) در واحد ارزیابی فرآورده های دارویی، آرایشی و بهداشتی مرکز آموزش و پژوهش بیماری های پوست و جذام (با ریاست دکتر یحیی دولتی) به شرح زیر قابل انجام است.

درمان های مختلفی برای لک وجود دارد. از هیدروکینون گرفته تا جایگزین های هیدروکینون، درمان های کلینیکی مثل لیزرها و درمان های خانگی که در مورد آنها نیز صحبت خواهیم کرد. اینکه کدام یک از آنها را به عنوان گزینه مطلوب انتخاب کنیم و چه محصولی را انتخاب بکنیم هدف این مقاله است.

اگر کار کلینیکی می کنید و می خواهید اقداماتی مثل میکرودرم ابریژن یا میکرونیدلینگ یا پیلینگ انجام می دهید, به یاد داشته باشید که در تیپ های بالای پوستی(گندمگون ) بسیار محتاط باشید. بهترین متخصصین هم در هنگام مواجهه با افراد با تیپ پوستی بالا که پوست تیره ای دارند احتیاط می کنند

دو سطح درمان در لک داریم. یکی سطح کلینیکی است اسکین کِر یا مطب است یعنی جایی که بیمار یا فرد در اختیار شماست یکی هم سطح ساده تر آن که درمان های OTC می باشد.

امروزه برای درمان ریزش موی سر، مصرف کنندگان به دنبال محصولات آرایشی مقرون به صرفه ای و با عملکرد بالا هستند که اثربخشی شان توسط آزمونهای کلینیکی (بالینی) به اثبات رسیده باشد. چرا مو می ریزد؟ هر چند علل ریزش مو هنوز به طور کامل شناخته شده نیستند، اما می توان گفت ریزش مو علتهای متعددی دارد. ژنتیک، تغییرات هورمونی، به هم خوردن تعادل هورمونها (در اثر زایمان یا یائسگی)، تغذیه (کمبود برخی ویتامینها و مواد معدنی خاص)، استرس، بیماری هایی مثل دیابت یا لوپوس (نوعی بیماری پوستی)، مصرف برخی داروها، بدرفتاری با مو (آرایش بیش از حد مو، برس زدن بیش از حد، رنگ کردن یا دکلره کردن مو) می توانند علت های ریزش مو باشند. البته گاهی ریزش مو فقط در اثر افزایش سن و سال ایجاد می شود و می تواند ربطی به هیچ یک از عوامل یادشده نداشته باشد.

حقیقت آن است که: تراشیدن مو با تیغ نه سرعت رشد مو را زیاد می کند، نه باعث افزایش ضخامت آن می شود. این موضوع حتی به صورت کلینیکی نیز به اثبات رسیده. در حقیقت پارامترهایی مانند سرعت رشد مو و ضخامت آن به خصوصیات ژنتیکی موی افراد بر می گردد. تراشیدن مو با تیغ همچنین موجب بازیابی موهای از دست رفته و تقویت ریشه مو نیز نمی گردد!! ضمنا تغییر رنگ مو و تیره شدن آن نیز به تراشیدن مو ارتباطی ندارد بلکه پدیده ای است که در اثر تغییرات هورمونی رخ می دهد. باور نادرست: طاسی سر فقط از طرف خانواده مادری به ارث می رسد! فلسفه پیدایش این افسانه شاید این باشد که: ژن دریافت کننده آندروژن (Androgen receptor) بر روی کروموزوم X قرار گرفته و مردان همیشه کروموزوم X را از مادرانشان ارث می برند.

ROSA RUBIGINOSA — Rosa Mosqueta® Rose Hip Seed Oil. Oil from the rose hips of a rare rose that grows in Chile’s Andes mountains. High in vitamin C, and linoleic and linolenic acids, essen- tial fatty acids necessar y for skin cell regeneration, it has been used by South American Indians for hundreds of years for its healing and moisturizing proper ties. Clinical tests have shown that Rosa Mosqueta®, applied regularly, helps fade scarring and skin discolor- ations and encourage skin cell growth.There’s no better moisturiz- er for dry or mature skin and brittle, damaged hair. (INCI dictionary)

In today’s image-conscious society, people are looking for an affordable cosmetic hair loss solution that delivers on its promises. This presents an opportunity for high performance, clinically proven anti-hair loss products. (Capixyl)

ALARIA ESCULENTA — Edible seaweed high in essential fatty acids and antioxidants. A rich moisturizer, it stimulates the creation of hyaluronic acid within the skin and helps support collagen and elastin to promote skin elasticity. It has been clinically proven to significantly increase firmness when applied twice daily to the skin for 28 days. (INCI dictionary) 

ASTER TRIPOLIUM — Sea Aster. Soothing agent clinically proven to reduce redness and sensitivity on the skin when used twice daily for 28 days. An excellent addition to calming formulas for sensitive complexions. (INCI dictionary)

BETA VULGARIS — Beet Root Extract. Rich in polysaccharides, this powerful humectant is clinically proven to boost the skin’s natural moisturizing factor, forming a film on the skin that actually locks moisture in for up to 8 hours. Phytonutrients enhance cell renewal and a high antioxidant content protects skin from free radical damage. The extract or juice of beets is also sometimes used as a natural red color in cosmetics. (INCI dictionary) 

CALCIUM ASCORBATE — Ester-C® Topical. A patented form of natural vitamin C, both oil- and water-soluble, clinically shown to retain its potency longer than other forms.While ordinary vitamin C degrades quickly in skin care products, Ester-C® Topical is stable and delivers the full benefit of this powerful antioxidant, penetrating into deep layers of the skin to promote collagen production. (Ester-C® is a registered trademark of Inter-Cal Corporation.) (INCI dictionary)

EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM — Canadian Willowherb. Anti- inflammator y and soothing agent shown in clinical studies to work faster and better than many hydrocor tisone creams in reducing itching and irritation. A superb skin care ingredient, often used in sun care products. Contains salicylic acid. (INCI dictionary)

HYDROLYZED OAT PROTEIN — A natural humectant used in skin care formulations for its powerful anti-aging proper ties. Used regularly, oat protein has been clinically shown to reduce the appearance of fine lines by 34% and deep wrinkles by 57%, and to keep skin hydrated for up to eight hours after application. In hair care preparations, it is an excellent conditioner and nutrient. (INCI dictionary)

HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN — Water-soluble protein naturally derived from wheat. Applied topically, it helps attract and retain moisture and is clinically proven to minimize fine lines and wrinkles. In hair care formulas, it coats porous and damaged areas to strengthen and mend hair fiber. (See also Hydrolyzed vegetable protein.) (INCI dictionary)

OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA — Prickly Pear. Antioxidant and nutri- ent, rich in essential fatty acids, clinically proven to firm and protect skin in 28 days with twice daily use. An emollient and soothing agent, it restores softness and elasticity to dry, mature or sun-damaged skin. An excellent addition to anti-aging products. (INCI dictionary)

ROSA RUBIGINOSA — Rosa Mosqueta® Rose Hip Seed Oil. Oil from the rose hips of a rare rose that grows in Chile’s Andes mountains. High in vitamin C, and linoleic and linolenic acids, essen- tial fatty acids necessar y for skin cell regeneration, it has been used by South American Indians for hundreds of years for its healing and moisturizing proper ties. Clinical tests have shown that Rosa Mosqueta®, applied regularly, helps fade scarring and skin discolor- ations and encourage skin cell growth.There’s no better moisturiz- er for dry or mature skin and brittle, damaged hair. (INCI dictionary)

SILYBUM MARIANUM — Milk Thistle. Detoxifier used internally in the treatment of liver disorders. Clinical studies have shown its active compound silymarin, a flavonoid with strong antioxidant proper ties, helps protect skin cells from free radical damage caused by sun exposure and pollution. Very soothing to the skin and scalp. (INCI dictionary)

DERMAXYL: Cell youthening Dermaxyl™, a patented oligopeptide and ceramide blend, inspires older cells to communicate like younger cells. When cells communicate more fully, repair cells can focus on areas of skin damage caused by aging processes. The result is enhanced firmness, better moisture retention, and visible easing of deep wrinkles. Clinical studies testing 24 female subjects aged 42 to 66 with a once daily application of 2% Dermaxyl™ for 56 days showed up to 36% reduction in visible wrinkle volume while wrinkle depth lessened up to 27%. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL OLIGOPEPTIDE: Palmitoyl Oligopeptide (also known as palmitoyl pentapeptide, Dermaxyl, Matrixyl and Matrixyl 3000) is an engineered amino-peptide that when added to a culture of fibroblasts (key skin cells), stimulates collagen, elastin and glucosaminoglycans production. These are the key components of healthy-looking skin. Clinically proven to reduce wrinkle depth by increasing hyaluronic acid and collagen production, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide (PO)is a synthetic protein that is a fragment of collagen combined with palmitic acid to make it more lipophillic, to improve its stability and to enhance its affinity towards human skin. As with Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3, one could look at PO as a man-made precursor to collagen. PO was developed through research to identify a substance that would behave similarly to retinoic acid but without its drawbacks, especially in regards to synthesizing collagen. The reported results are as follows: In vitro: Increases collagen production by the fibroblasts by as much as 350%. Increases hyaluronic acid production by the fibroblasts by as much as 146%. In vivo: The following statistics were gathered using image analysis of volunteers who used crèmes containing a 3% concentration of Biopeptide-CL for 28 days. Surface roughness -- Reduced 17% Mean depth of wrinkles -- Reduced 23% Depth of main wrinkle -- Reduced 39% Skin thickness -- Increased 4%. The increase in skin thickness was considered especially notable and contrasts with the 6% reduction of the skin thickness that occurs after 10 years of aging. PO is a potent active cosmetic ingredient without the adverse effects (including irritation, dehydration or long-term toxicity and instability) characteristic of retinoids. Used in CSRx Lip Remodeling Treatment, Intensive Eye Therapy Creme, Firming Peptide Eye Creme,  and Fresh Pout Lip Balm. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL PENTAPEPTIDE 3: Clinically proven to regenerate the skin's upper layers by stimulating collagen production, thus thickening the epidermis. Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 is a synthetic protein that is a fragment of the C-terminal portion of collagen I (the most common type of the nineteen forms of collagen) combined with palmitic acid to make it more lipophillic, to improve its stability and to enhance its affinity towards human skin. One could look at Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 as a man-made precursor to collagen I. When this protein is added to cultured human fibroblasts it enhances the synthesis of collagen I, collagen III and fibronectin. In vitro, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 was found to stimulate collagen IV synthesis by 100-327% and to stimulate hyaluronic acidsynthesis by 267%. In vivo Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 was found to stimulate collagen synthesis by 30-117%. Image analysis determined the effect Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 had on wrinkled skin. The six-month results are listed below, though significant results were seen in two months. Results: Mean wrinkle depth -- Reduced 17% Surface area: deep wrinkles -- Reduced 68% Surface area: moderate wrinkles -- Reduced 51% Mean density of wrinkled area -- Reduced 47% Skin roughness -- Reduced 16% Main wrinkle volume -- Reduced 24%. These results show that Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 had a dramatic effect on reducing the quantity and depth of wrinkles. It also improved surface smoothness. (cellularskinrx.com)

PALMITOYL TETRAPEPTIDE 3: Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 has been clinically proven to suppress the body's production of interleukins (IL6), the chemical messengers that trigger inflammation, the first step in the aging cascade. Inflammation is a function of immunity and is a protective response to injury or destruction of tissue. This is the body's way of walling off the injurious agent and the injured tissue. Under normal circumstances, very little IL6 is secreted and its secretion is strictly controlled. However, as we age this regulation system develops defects, and significant levels of IL6 appear in the plasma even when there is no inflammatory stimulus. This results in high levels of inflammatory proteins in the tissues and a loss of healing potential. At concentrations from 10 ppm, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 induces a marked reduction in the secretion of the cytokine IL6. This reduction is progressive and depends on the concentration of the peptide: baseline secretion may be inhibited by up to 40%. Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 reduced levels of IL6 after cells were exposed to UV radiation by up to 86% even though IL6 had been increased by about 20 fold by the UV. These results show that Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 is able to affect baseline levels of IL6 as well as modulate the effects of UV-stimulated over-production of IL6. Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 is marketed by Sederma as a molecule that can restore cytokine equilibrium, which characterizes youthful skin. (cellularskinrx.com)

TRIPEPTIDE: Tripeptide has been developed as an efficient smoothing and anti-wrinkle small peptide particularly effective against expression lines by relaxing facial muscles. This active tripeptide acts in a manner similar to Walglerin 1. Acting at the post-synaptic membrane, Tripeptide is a reverible antagonist of the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (mnAChR). Tripeptide binds to the receptor; consequently it remains closed. In the closed state, sodium ions (Na+) are not released and the muscles stay relaxed. Clinical trials have shown that Tripeptide is capable of reducing expression lines/wrinkles by inhibiting muscle contractions. Used in SuperMax MultiPeptide Skin Solution Serum. (cellularskinrx.com)

Asebiol by BASF: synergistic sebo-regulating complex especially developed to rebalance the amount of sebum on the scalp by inhibiting 5α-reductase, the enzyme responsible for its production. It is clinically proven to visibly reduce the appearance of the oiliness and imperfections of the skin. It is a water-soluble liquid. INCI: Aqua (and) Pyridoxine HCL (and) Niacinamide (and) Glycerin (and) Panthenol (and) Hydrolyzed Yeast Protein (and) Threonine (and) Allantoin (and) Biotin ()